formic acid

1. The main uses of formic acid and research progress in fuel cells
As a hydrogen storage material, formic acid can release a large amount of hydrogen for use by appropriate reaction when needed, and it is a stable intermediate for the wide use and safe transportation of hydrogen energy.
Formic acid can not only be widely used in industrial and chemical raw materials, but also can be used as a new environment-friendly road snow melting agent to prevent groundwater pollution.
Formic acid can also be used to make form-based fuel cells that use formic acid directly as a raw material. By reacting formic acid with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water, the fuel cells can generate electricity to power small portable devices such as mobile phones and laptops.
The traditional fuel cells are mainly hydrogen fuel cells and methanol fuel cells. The limitations of hydrogen fuel cells are the high cost of miniature hydrogen containers, the low energy density of gaseous hydrogen, and the potentially dangerous transportation and use of hydrogen; Although methanol has a high energy density, its electrocatalytic oxidation rate is much lower than that of hydrogen, and methanol is toxic, which hinder its widespread use. Formic acid is a liquid at room temperature, has little toxicity, and has higher electromotive force than hydrogen and methanol, so formic acid fuel cells have greater potential and application range compared with hydrogen and methanol fuel cells [9-10]. Direct formic acid fuel cell (DFAFC) is a new generation of mobile and portable power supply due to its simple manufacturing procedure, high specific energy and power. The technology converts chemical energy stored in formic acid and oxygen directly into electricity.
The battery, if developed, will be able to provide around 10 watts of power continuously, which means it could power most small appliances. In addition, as a power source, direct formic acid fuel cells have the advantages of high efficiency and lightness, such as no plug-in charge, compared with lithium-ion batteries. As the technology matures, it is expected to compete with lithium batteries in the small power supply market. At the same time, formic acid fuel cells have the advantages of non-toxic, non-flammable, convenient storage and transportation, electrochemical activity, higher energy density, proton conductivity, small transmittance to proton exchange membrane, and can produce a larger output power density at low temperature, which is generally favored by experts in the industry. The electronics industry would be a bigger beneficiary if such batteries become practical. With the development of technology and the reduction of cost, formic acid fuel cell will show a good prospect of industrial application because of its characteristics of energy saving and environmental protection.
Formic acid, as a chemical product with high added value in the processing of carbon dioxide and in the recycling production of chemical raw materials, is an additional product of carbon cycle and reduces production costs. In the future, it will have an important impact on the recycling of carbon and energy and the diversification of resources.

2. Formic acid is formic acid. Is formic acid acetic acid?
Formic acid is formic acid, formic acid is not acetic acid, acetic acid is not formic acid, formic acid is formic acid. Do you think Xiaobian is very leather, in fact, Xiaobian is very sincere for you to introduce these two different chemical substances.
Formic acid is also called formic acid and has the formula HCOOH. Formic acid is colorless but pungent and caustic, blistering and then redness upon contact with human skin. Formaldehyde has the properties of both acid and aldehyde. In the chemical industry, formic acid is used in rubber, medicine, dyes, leather industries. Formic acid, by its common name, is a simpler carboxylic acid. A colorless liquid with a pungent odor. Weak electrolyte, melting point 8.6, boiling point 100.7. It’s highly acidic and caustic, and can irritate skin to blister. It is found in the secretions of bees and certain ants and caterpillars.
formic acid (formic acid) is a reductive carboxylic acid with one carbon. It was earlier discovered in ants, hence the name formic acid.
Acetic acid, also called acetic acid (36%-38%), glacial acetic acid (98%), chemical formula CH3COOH, is a kind of organic monic acid, as the main component of vinegar. Pure anhydrous acetic acid (glacial acetic acid) is a colorless hygroscopic solid with a freezing point of 16.6℃ and a colorless crystal after solidification. Its aqueous solution is weakly acidic and erosive, and the steam has an irritating effect on the eyes and nose.
Formic acid is widely used in chemical pharmaceutical, rubber coagulant, textile, printing and dyeing, electroplating, leather fields, is the basic raw material of organic chemical industry, usually used in the industry mainly refers to 85% formic acid.

3. How do you remove water from formic acid?
Formic acid to remove water, can add anhydrous copper sulfate, anhydrous magnesium sulfate to remove water, these are chemical methods, in addition to specific instructions
(1) To drop concentrated sulfuric acid liquid into formic acid, should be added through the separator funnel. Therefore, we should choose the ② device; Sodium hydroxide solution, calcium hydroxide solution can absorb a small amount of formic acid gas mixed in CO, but the absorption capacity of sodium hydroxide solution is stronger than calcium hydroxide solution. Therefore, the optional device ③;
(2) The generated carbon monoxide gas is discharged from B, from D into sodium hydroxide solution to remove formic acid gas, and from C; And then you go in from G, under heated conditions. Carbon monoxide reduction of copper oxide, gas from H, and then from F into the calcium hydroxide solution, test carbon dioxide generation. Therefore, the interface connection sequence of each instrument is: B, D, C, G, H, F.
(3) Under the condition of heating, copper oxide is reduced to copper, so, from the beginning of heating to the end of the experiment, the color change of copper oxide powder is: black becomes red, the reaction equation is: CuO+CO
△ Cu+CO2.
(4) In the reaction to produce CO, concentrated sulfuric acid dehydrates formic acid to produce carbon monoxide, which plays the role of dehydration.
The answer is:
(1) ②, ③;
(2) B D C G H F;
(3) Black to red, CuO+CO △Cu+CO2;
(4) dehydration.

4. Description of properties, stability and storage methods of anhydrous formic acid
Formic acid concentration is higher than 95% to become concentrated formic acid, concentration above 99.5% known as anhydrous formic acid, is the basic raw materials of organic chemical industry, has been widely used in chemical pharmaceutical, rubber coagulant, textile, printing and dyeing, electroplating, leather and other fields, this and anhydrous formic acid properties and stability is inseparable, on the properties and stability of anhydrous formic acid and storage methods described as follows:
Properties and stability of anhydrous formic acid:
1. Chemical properties: Formic acid is a strong reducing agent and can produce silver mirror reaction. It is more acidic in saturated fatty acids, and the dissociation constant is 2.1×10-4. It slowly breaks down into carbon monoxide and water at room temperature. With concentrated sulfuric acid heating 60~80℃, decomposition release carbon monoxide. Formic acid decomposes to release carbon dioxide and hydrogen when heated above 160℃. The alkali metal salt of formic acid is heated at ***400℃ to form oxalate.
2. Formic acid dissolves fat. Inhaling formic acid vapors can cause serious irritation to the nasal and oral mucosa and can lead to inflammation. Wear a protective mask and rubber gloves when handling concentrated formic acid. The workshop must have shower and eye washing equipment, the workplace must have good ventilation, and the higher allowable formic acid concentration in the air within the boundary zone is 5*10-6. Inhalation victims should leave the scene immediately, inhale fresh air, and inhale 2% atomized sodium bicarbonate. Once contaminated with formic acid, wash immediately with plenty of water, pay attention not to wipe with a wet cloth.
3. Stability: Stability
4. Polymerization hazard: No polymerization
5. Forbidden compound: strong oxidant, strong alkali, active metal powder
Anhydrous formic acid storage method:
Storage precautions for anhydrous formic acid: Store in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat. The temperature of the storage room does not exceed 32℃, and the relative humidity does not exceed 80%. Keep the container sealed. It should be stored separately from oxidizer, alkali and active metal powder, and should not be mixed. Equipped with the corresponding variety and quantity of fire equipment. The storage area should be equipped with leak emergency treatment equipment and suitable holding materials.

5. Formic acid is a very common chemical product in our life.
For most people, the main feature of formic acid is its pungent smell, which can be smelled far away, but this is also the impression of most people on formic acid.
So what is formic acid? What kind of use is it for? Where does it show up in our lives? Wait, a lot of people can’t answer that.
In fact, it is understandable that formic acid is not a public product after all, to understand it, or to have a certain knowledge, occupation or professional threshold.
As a colorless, but there is a pungent smell of liquid, it also has a strong acid and corrosive, if we are not careful to use fingers or other skin surface and direct contact with it, then the skin surface will be because of its irritating direct foaming, need to see a doctor as soon as possible, for treatment.
But even though formic acid is relatively general in public awareness, in real life, it is actually one of the most widely used chemical products, not only appear in every aspect of our lives, there are many fields you have not thought about, in fact, formic acid exists, and also made a lot of contributions. Hold a position of great importance.
Formic acid can be found in industries such as pesticides, leather, dyes, pharmaceuticals and rubber, if you pay a little attention.
Formic acid and aqueous solutions of formic acid can not only dissolve metal oxides, hydroxides and various metals, but also the formates they produce can be dissolved in water, so they can also be used as chemical cleaning agents.
In addition to the above applications, formic acid can also be used in the following ways:
1. Medicine: vitamin B1, mebendazole, aminopyrine, etc.;
2, pesticides: powder rust ning, triazolone, tricyclozole, triamidazole, polybulozole, tenobulozole, insecticidal ether, etc.;
3. Chemistry: calcium formate, sodium formate, ammonium formate, potassium formate, ethyl formate, barium formate, formamide, rubber antioxidant, neopentyl glycol, epoxy soybean oil, epoxy octyl soybean oil, tervalyl chloride, paint remover, phenolic resin, pickling steel plate, etc.;
4, leather: leather tanning preparation, deashing agent and neutralizing agent;
5, rubber: natural rubber coagulant;
6, others: printing and dyeing mordant, fiber and paper dyeing agent, treatment agent, plasticizer, food preservation and animal feed additives, etc.